互联互通蓝图下人工智能与中国经济转型升级研究

基于互联互通蓝图下我国人工智能的发展现状以及我国经济转型升级的现状,研究了人工智能技术与经济之间的正作用——促进生产、提供新经济增长动力、增加高水平就业岗位并改善工作环境、解决社会治理问题、促进国际友好往来,也分析了二者的负作用关系——减少了传统岗位、增大投资风险、冲击传统管理方式、增大中等收入陷阱的可能、带来法律规章制度的漏洞。提出区域治理保持与时俱进、建立技术基金会、注重人才培养与人员培训、企业承担其角色、重视文化与科技的关联的政策建议。     

基于ZnO/NiO纳米异质结构紫外探测器的低温水溶液生长

利用低温水溶液方法制备了ZnO/NiO纳米异质结构,该异质结构主要由ZnO纳米阵列及NiO纳米片状结构层组成,ZnO和NiO纳米材料均由低温水溶液方法生长。同时基于ZnO/NiO纳米异质结构构建了简单的紫外探测器件。研究结果表明,基于上述结构的紫外探测器件具有非常好的紫外响应特性。该方法工艺流程简单、重复性好,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Improved hemimorphite flotation using xanthate as a collector with S(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) activation

The flotation of hemimorphite using the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process,which includes sulfidization with sodium sulfide,activation by lead cations,and subsequent flotation with xanthate,was investigated.The flotation results indicated that hemimorphite floats when the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process is used; a maximum recovery of approximately 90% was obtained.Zeta-potential,contact-angle,scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS),and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) measurements were used to characterize the activation products on the hemimorphite surface and their subsequent interaction with sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).The results showed that a Zn S coating formed on the hemimorphite surface after the sample was conditioned in an Na2 S solution.However,the formation of a Zn S coating on the hemimorphite surface did not improve hemimorphite flotation.With the subsequent addition of lead cations,Pb S species formed on the mineral surface.The formation of the Pb S species on the surface of hemimorphite significantly increased the adsorption capacity of SBX,forming lead xanthate(referred to as chemical adsorption) and leading to a substantial improvement in hemimorphite flotation.Our results indicate that the addition of lead cations is a critical step in the successful flotation of hemimorphite using the sulfidization–lead ion activation–xanthate process.     

前景理论视角下PPP项目共享风险管理演化及仿真分析

PPP项目往往特许期较长,复杂和不确定因素较多,利益主体目标不同,能够明确分配的风险因素往往不会产生较大的争议,需要双方共享的风险便成为PPP管理成败的关键。本文将前景理论引入PPP共享风险管理的过程中,分析了公私双方均选择积极管理策略的均衡在实际中难以达成的原因,得出了影响演化稳定策略的因素有:公私方积极管理的额外感知成本,对风险发生概率的正确判断,损失分担系数和奖惩力度。为加强PPP项目共享风险的有效管理,本文提出了加强公私双方风险识别和评估能力和风险概率判断的准确性,落实责任分担机制,加强奖惩力度等措施。     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

基于匀质块五块模式的矩形件非剪切排样算法

基于匀质块五块排样模式对一类矩形件非剪切排样问题进行了研究.基于动态规划和隐枚举的思想设计了无约束矩形件非剪切排样问题的匀质块五块排样算法.与文献中的矩形件非剪切排样算法的对比试验表明:这种算法能够快速给出问题的最优解，而且可以降低板材切割工艺难度并减少矩形件的分拣成本.与2种矩形件剪切排样算法的对比进一步表明了引入“非剪切”的经济效益.     

夯土遗址表层热劣化模拟试验研究

以武威明长城夯土遗址为例,通过现场调查及室内模拟试验,研究分析夯土遗址表层的热劣化机制.X射线衍射及电镜扫描试验表明:遗址表层与母墙土的矿物成分相似,表层微观结构平滑,但风化明显.热劣化模拟试验表明,试样表层热传导系数、热扩散系数及体积比热均低于母墙.热劣化过程中,表层与母墙的热传导系数与热扩散系数均维持稳定.研究认为,夯土遗址表层与母墙组成具有热性质差异的双层结构,在温差作用下,双层结构间的稳定热差异会使其接触面产生热应力差.热应力差的持续作用使接触面劣化疲劳,导致遗址表层与母墙分离,产生剥离病害.     

A Simulation Method for Analyzing and Evaluating Rail System Performance Based on Speed Profile

This paper presents and discusses a simulation method for analyzing and evaluating system performance on a rail line from the perspective of speed profile. Dynamic analysis for train motions is introduced, and a discrete time-operation graph is proposed to represent the relation between speed profile and energy consumption. Based on them, an analytical model is formulated to provide a quick insight into the system performance. The discrete-time simulation (DTS) method is then implemented to study the system in detail. Compared to the existing simulations, two innovations are included in the DTS: (1) the analytical lookup tables that can simplify the dynamic computation and, (2) the speed profile adjustment process that forecasts and avoids future conflicts based on practical constraints. The numerical results show that the DTS speed profile has advantages over existing methods. Finally, the DTS method is used to analyze and evaluate the system performance of the current timetable on Beijing Yizhuang Metro Line. The results suggest that the current timetable is not robust enough, and thus possible improvements are discussed at both scheduling and operating stages. The proposed method is verified to be effective and reliable for practical uses.